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Microwave-assisted Functionalization of Polyethylene glycol and On-resin Peptides for Use in Chain Polymerizations and Hydrogel Formation
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Optimizing the Cross-Linking of Poly(2-oxazoline)-Based Hybrid Microgels for Cell Encapsulation via Radiation-free

Sophia Loeffelsend1, Chien-Hsin Yu2,3, Jeanette Weigelt1

  • 1Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.

Macromolecular Bioscience
|February 28, 2026
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Summary

This study introduces a new radiation-free method for creating poly(2-oxazoline) (POx) microgels. These biocompatible POx microgels are ideal for cell encapsulation, showing high cell viability and supporting cell growth.

Keywords:
biofabricationcell encapsulationgelatinhyaluronic acidhydrogelsmicrogelspolyoxazolines

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) are promising synthetic polymers for biomedical uses due to their biocompatibility and tunable properties.
  • Microgels are gaining traction for applications like cell encapsulation and drug delivery.
  • Current cross-linking methods for POx and microgels often use UV light, which can be cytotoxic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a cell-friendly, radiation-free cross-linking method for poly(2-oxazoline) (POx)-based microgels.
  • To integrate POx polymers and microgel technology while avoiding harmful UV irradiation.
  • To create advanced materials for cell encapsulation applications.

Main Methods:

  • A hybrid polymer system comprising thiolated POx, gelatin, and acrylated hyaluronic acid was utilized.
  • Cross-linking kinetics were optimized for microfluidic fabrication of hydrogels and microgels.
  • A thiol-Michael addition reaction was employed as the radiation-free cross-linking mechanism.

Main Results:

  • Hydrogels and microgels with varying stiffness and degradation profiles were successfully synthesized.
  • Cell encapsulation of fibroblasts demonstrated high cell viabilities (>90%).
  • The developed microgel systems supported fibroblast cell spreading and proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • The novel thiol-Michael addition cross-linking strategy is effective for producing POx-based microgels.
  • The developed microgels are suitable for cell-friendly encapsulation, maintaining high cell viability and promoting cell growth.
  • This radiation-free approach overcomes limitations of traditional UV-based methods in biomaterial fabrication.