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A Delphi consensus statement for digital surgery.

Kyle Lam1,2, Michael D Abràmoff3,4, José M Balibrea5,6

  • 1Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK.

NPJ Digital Medicine
|July 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Digital surgery, the use of technology to enhance surgical care, lacks a clear definition. Experts defined it as technology enhancing planning, performance, support, or training to improve patient outcomes and safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Surgery
  • Medical Technology
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Digital technology adoption is rapidly increasing in surgical specialities.
  • Lack of a consensus definition for 'digital surgery' creates challenges in governance, legal, and technical aspects.
  • Digital health technologies present unique ethical considerations for surgeons and patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define 'digital surgery' and its ethical implications in clinical practice.
  • To identify barriers and future research goals for digital surgery.
  • To establish a consensus on the definition and ethical considerations of digital surgery.

Main Methods:

  • A four-round Delphi exercise involving 38 international experts from surgery, AI, industry, law, ethics, and policy.
  • Generation of issues through expert and public panels via questionnaires based on literature review.
  • Consensus defined as >70% agreement on importance and <30% on unimportance, followed by an online meeting.

Main Results:

  • Achieved 100% consensus on the definition of digital surgery: 'the use of technology for the enhancement of preoperative planning, surgical performance, therapeutic support, or training, to improve outcomes and reduce harm'.
  • Highlighted key ethical issues: data, privacy, confidentiality, public trust, consent, law, litigation, liability, and commercial partnerships.
  • Identified barriers and research goals for future digital surgery practice.

Conclusions:

  • A clear definition of digital surgery is established, emphasizing its role in improving surgical outcomes and reducing harm.
  • Ethical considerations, including data privacy, consent, and commercial partnerships, are critical for digital surgery.
  • Future research and development in digital surgery must involve all stakeholders, including patients, and address unique ethical challenges.