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Mercaptans decrease selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity in the chick.

S D Mercurio, G F Combs

    The Journal of Nutrition
    |May 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Certain mercaptans and a glutathione analogue disrupt selenium utilization in chicks, increasing the incidence of exudative diathesis. These compounds inhibit selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity, impacting chick health.

    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Nutritional Science
    • Toxicology

    Background:

    • Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element crucial for antioxidant defense, primarily through the enzyme glutathione peroxidase.
    • Vitamin E and selenium deficiencies can lead to exudative diathesis (ED) in chicks, a condition characterized by fluid accumulation.
    • Glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activity is vital for mitigating oxidative stress and maintaining cellular integrity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of various mercaptans and a glutathione analogue on selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGSHpx) activity.
    • To determine the impact of these compounds on the development of exudative diathesis in vitamin E- and selenium-deficient chicks.
    • To elucidate the relationship between mercaptan structure and their ability to interfere with selenium metabolism.

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    Main Methods:

    • Inhibition of SeGSHpx activity in chick liver and purified bovine erythrocyte preparations by mercaptans in vitro.
    • Subcutaneous injection of test compounds into vitamin E-deficient chicks fed low-selenium diets.
    • Monitoring of SeGSHpx activity in chick tissues and plasma, and assessment of exudative diathesis incidence and mortality.

    Main Results:

    • Beta-mercaptocarboxylic acids, specifically sodium beta-mercaptopyruvate, and sterically hindered mercaptans like t-butyl mercaptan inhibited SeGSHpx activity in vivo.
    • S-methylglutathione, a non-mercaptan glutathione analogue, also decreased SeGSHpx activity and increased ED incidence.
    • Compounds like mercaptosuccinic acid and N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine showed strong in vitro inhibition but caused significant mortality in vivo, precluding in vivo evaluation.

    Conclusions:

    • Certain mercaptans, particularly beta-mercaptocarboxylic acids and sterically hindered thiols, can disrupt selenium utilization in chicks.
    • These compounds interfere with SeGSHpx activity, leading to increased susceptibility to exudative diathesis.
    • The structural characteristics of mercaptans are critical in determining their capacity to alter selenium status and induce deficiency-related symptoms.