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Age-related changes in testicular morphometry and function in Egyptian donkeys.

Shimaa R Masoud1, Afaf A Kishta1, Igor F Canisso2

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt.

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Age significantly impacts donkey testicular morphometry and function. Older donkeys show increased testicular size but reduced sperm quality and higher sperm defects, indicating age-related decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Animal Science

Background:

  • Age-related changes in male reproductive health are common across species.
  • Understanding these changes in equids, specifically donkeys, is crucial for breeding programs and animal welfare.
  • Limited research exists on the specific effects of aging on donkey testicular morphometry and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of age on the physical characteristics (morphometry) of donkey testes and epididymides.
  • To evaluate the functional aspects of donkey reproduction, focusing on sperm parameters across different age groups.
  • To examine age-related changes in testicular tissue, including protein expression of BAX and COX2.

Main Methods:

  • Harvesting testes and epididymides from 57 donkeys across three age groups: young (1-4 years), adult (5-15 years), and aged (>15 years).
  • Measuring testicular and epididymal weight, calculating testicular volume.
  • Assessing epididymal sperm concentration, motility, and viability using retrograde flushing; evaluating sperm morphology.
  • Performing immunohistochemical analysis for BAX and COX2 protein expression in testicular parenchyma.

Main Results:

  • Adult and aged donkeys exhibited significantly greater testicular weight and volume compared to young donkeys.
  • Epididymal sperm concentration, motility, and viability were substantially higher in adult and aged donkeys than in young donkeys.
  • Aged donkeys showed an increased percentage of sperm morphological defects and higher COX2 protein expression, while adults had higher BAX protein expression.

Conclusions:

  • Advancing age demonstrably affects testicular morphometry and reproductive function in donkeys.
  • Age-related degenerative changes and altered protein expression (BAX, COX2) are evident in donkey testicular tissue.
  • Findings highlight the importance of age considerations in donkey breeding and reproductive health management.