The Progress of Stem Cell Therapy in Myocardial-Infarcted Heart Regeneration: Cell Sheet Technology

Various tissues, including the heart, cornea, bone, esophagus, bladder and liver, have been vascularized using the cell sheet technique. It overcomes the limitations of existing techniques by allowing small layers of the cell sheet to generate capillaries on their own, and it can also be used to vascularize tissue-engineered transplants. Cell sheets eliminate the need for traditional tissue engineering procedures such as isolated cell injections and scaffold-based technologies, which have limited applicability. While cell sheet engineering can eliminate many of the drawbacks, there are still a few challenges that need to be addressed. The number of cell sheets that can be layered without triggering core ischemia or hypoxia is limited. Even when scaffold-based technologies are disregarded, strategies to tackle this problem remain a substantial impediment to the efficient regeneration of thick, living three-dimensional cell sheets. In this review, we summarize the cell sheet technology in myocardial infarcted tissue regeneration.