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Thermalization dynamics of a gauge theory on a quantum simulator
Zhao-Yu Zhou1,2,3,4, Guo-Xian Su1,2,3,4, Jad C Halimeh5
1Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 20, 2022
Summary
Quantum simulations reveal irreversible behavior in gauge field theories. This research on U(1) symmetric gauge fields using Bose-Hubbard simulators may unlock new insights into fundamental physics phenomena.
Area of Science:
- Quantum simulation
- Gauge field theory
- Condensed matter physics
Background:
- Gauge theories are fundamental to modern physics, impacting particle physics, cosmology, and condensed matter.
- Simulating complex gauge theories is computationally challenging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To perform quantum simulations of U(1) symmetric gauge field theory dynamics.
- To demonstrate emergent irreversible behavior in a quantum simulator.
- To investigate global quantum quenches and thermal equilibration in such systems.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard simulator to encode constrained gauge theory dynamics.
- Coupled fermionic matter fields via dynamical gauge fields.
- Performed global quantum quenches to observe system evolution.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated emergent irreversible behavior in the simulated U(1) gauge theory.
- Observed equilibration to a steady state well approximated by a thermal ensemble.
- Successfully encoded complex gauge dynamics in a quantum simulator.
Conclusions:
- Quantum simulations can effectively model gauge theories and reveal emergent phenomena.
- This approach may enable the study of elusive effects like Schwinger pair production and string breaking.
- Paves the way for simulating more complex, higher-dimensional gauge theories using quantum synthetic matter.
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