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Related Concept Videos

Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

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The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
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Updated: Sep 4, 2025

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Dissecting motor skill acquisition: Spatial coordinates take precedence.

Pablo Maceira-Elvira1,2, Jan E Timmermann3, Traian Popa1,2

  • 1Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Brain Mind Institute, EPFL Valais, Clinique Romande de Réadaptation Sion, Switzerland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimal motor skill acquisition prioritizes spatial memory over speed. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation improved motor sequence learning in older adults by enhancing accuracy and motor chunk emergence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Motor skill acquisition involves consolidating sequences into motor chunks for faster execution.
  • Neuroimaging suggests motor structures are involved in sequence encoding, storage, and retrieval, not just execution.
  • Age-related decline may impair optimal motor skill learning processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of spatial memory in early motor skill acquisition.
  • To examine the effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (aTDCS) on motor sequence learning in older adults.
  • To clarify the relationship between sequence memory storage and motor chunk emergence.

Main Methods:

  • Participants practiced a novel motor sequence.
  • Behavioral data on accuracy and speed were collected.
  • Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (aTDCS) was applied over the motor cortex in a subset of participants (older adults).

Main Results:

  • Early motor skill acquisition prioritized storing spatial features of the sequence over rapid execution.
  • Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (aTDCS) partially restored this learning process in older adults.
  • aTDCS led to improved accuracy and an earlier, gradual emergence of motor chunks.

Conclusions:

  • Motor chunk emergence is preceded by, but not a direct consequence of, sequence storage in memory.
  • Motor chunks depend on and result from motor practice.
  • Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (aTDCS) shows potential for enhancing motor learning in older adults.