Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

2.6K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
2.6K
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

2.6K
Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
2.6K
Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers01:00

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Homopolymers

3.2K
Polymers that are made up of identical monomer units are called homopolymers. Only one repeating unit is involved in the construction of the homopolymer structure. For example, as depicted in Figure 1, polypropylene is a homopolymer constituted of propylene monomers. Here, the only repeating unit in the polymer chain is propylene.
3.2K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism

389
Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
Some polymorphic crystals possess lower aqueous solubility than their amorphous counterparts, leading to incomplete absorption. For instance, the oral suspension of Chloramphenicol, which...
389
Solubility03:00

Solubility

18.1K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
18.1K
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

648
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
648

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A review on the production of P-enriched hydro/bio-char from solid waste: Transformation of P and applications of hydro/bio-char.

Chemosphere·2022
Same author

Longitudinal Changes in Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Macular Ganglion Cell Inner Plexiform Layer in Progressive Myopia and Glaucoma Among Adolescents.

Frontiers in medicine·2022
Same author

Preparation of flexible and UV-blocking films from lignin-containing cellulose incorporated with tea polyphenol/citric acid.

International journal of biological macromolecules·2022
Same author

Association of Mannose-Binding Lectin 2 Gene Polymorphism with Tuberculosis Based on <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Lineages.

Infection and drug resistance·2022
Same author

Characteristic Assessment of Angiographies at Different Depths with AS-OCTA: Implication for Functions of Post-Trabeculectomy Filtering Bleb.

Journal of clinical medicine·2022
Same author

In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> nanoflakes grounded in Bi<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub> nanoplates: A novel hierarchical heterojunction catalyst anchored on W mesh for efficient elimination of toluene.

Environmental research·2022
Same journal

A Novel Laboratorial Approach to Evaluate Bacterial Microleakage of Endodontic Sealers.

Current protocols·2026
Same journal

TRIAGE Toolkit: Streamlined Discovery of Regulatory Genes and Elements.

Current protocols·2026
Same journal

High-throughput Profiling of Pseudouridines in Microbiome-derived Bacterial RNA.

Current protocols·2026
Same journal

Recombinant Protein Expression in Rhodococcus species.

Current protocols·2026
Same journal

Streamlined In Vitro Transcription for Generating Self-Amplifying RNA With Modified Nucleotides.

Current protocols·2026
Same journal

CODEC Library Preparation From Genomic DNA.

Current protocols·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

2.1K

The Characterization of Polysorbate.

Sisi Zhang1, Hui Xiao1, Ning Li1

  • 1Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York.

Current Protocols
|July 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a method for analyzing polysorbate (PS) degradation in protein drugs. The protocol details sample preparation and uses 2D-LC to quantify polysorbate levels, aiding stability testing.

Keywords:
2DLC-CAD/MSforced degradationlipase/esterasepolysorbate degradationpolysorbate degradation profiling

More Related Videos

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports
05:58

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports

Published on: June 12, 2018

6.6K
Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
08:44

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 4, 2025

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients
11:27

A Package of Established Analytical Tools to Investigate the Solid-State Alteration of Lipid-Based Excipients

Published on: August 9, 2022

2.1K
Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports
05:58

Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports

Published on: June 12, 2018

6.6K
Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
08:44

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

Published on: March 2, 2020

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Polysorbates (PSs), such as PS20 and PS80, are crucial excipients in pharmaceutical formulations, enhancing drug solubility and stability.
  • These non-ionic surfactants are susceptible to degradation via hydrolysis and oxidation during storage, potentially impacting drug efficacy and safety.
  • A robust method for characterizing polysorbate degradation in protein products is essential for stability assessment and understanding degradation pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and detail a protocol for the forced degradation study of polysorbates in protein samples.
  • To establish an analytical setup for profiling and quantifying polysorbates and their degradation products.
  • To provide a method for assessing the stability of polysorbate excipients in pharmaceutical formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed sample preparation procedures for forced degradation studies of polysorbates within protein matrices.
  • Implementation of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) for enhanced separation of polysorbate components.
  • Coupling of 2D-LC with charged aerosol detector (CAD) or mass spectrometry (MS) for sensitive detection and quantitation.

Main Results:

  • The study provides a comprehensive protocol for preparing samples to investigate polysorbate degradation under stress conditions.
  • The described 2D-LC-CAD/MS method enables effective profiling and accurate quantitation of polysorbates in protein-containing samples.
  • The methodology facilitates the identification and monitoring of polysorbate degradation products, offering insights into stability.

Conclusions:

  • The presented protocol and analytical method are vital for pharmaceutical quality control and stability testing of protein products containing polysorbates.
  • Accurate characterization of polysorbate degradation is crucial for ensuring the long-term stability and safety of biopharmaceuticals.
  • This work contributes to a better understanding of polysorbate stability and degradation mechanisms in drug formulations.