Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.1K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
1.1K
Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

1.2K
A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
1.2K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.4K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
1.4K
Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

867
There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
867
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.5K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.5K
Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

47.9K
Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
47.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Elastocaloric evidence for a multicomponent superconductor stabilized within the nematic state in Ba(Fe<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Co<sub><i>x</i></sub>)<sub>2</sub>As<sub>2</sub>.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Emergent tetragonality in a fundamentally orthorhombic material.

Science advances·2024
Same author

High Resolution Polar Kerr Effect Studies of CsV_{3}Sb_{5}: Tests for Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking below the Charge-Order Transition.

Physical review letters·2023
Same author

Superconductor-insulator transitions in three-dimensional indium-oxide at high pressures.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2022
Same author

Universal Bound to the Amplitude of the Vortex Nernst Signal in Superconductors.

Physical review letters·2021
Same author

Superconductor-insulator transition in two-dimensional indium-indium-oxide composite.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.7K

Anomalous metals: From "failed superconductor" to "failed insulator".

Xinyang Zhang1,2, Alexander Palevski3, Aharon Kapitulnik1,2,4

  • 1Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Resistivity saturation occurs in a magnetic-field-tuned superconductor-to-insulator transition (H-SIT) in In/InO composites. This phenomenon is explained by quantum tunneling effects in Josephson junctions, driven by competing coupling and charging energies.

Keywords:
Josephson junction arrayanomalous metalsquantum fluctuationsself-duality

More Related Videos

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.6K
Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
08:45

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Published on: July 1, 2013

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

9.7K
Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

8.6K
Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides
08:45

Fabrication of Spatially Confined Complex Oxides

Published on: July 1, 2013

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • Superconductor-to-insulator transitions (SIT) are critical phenomena observed in disordered thin films and granular materials.
  • Magnetic fields can tune these transitions, leading to complex electronic behaviors.
  • Understanding the interplay between superconductivity and insulation is crucial for developing novel electronic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the phenomenon of resistivity saturation near a magnetic-field-tuned superconductor-to-insulator transition (H-SIT).
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing the electronic behavior in a two-dimensional In/InO composite material.
  • To explore the role of Josephson junctions and quantum tunneling in the observed transition.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a two-dimensional In/InO composite material with granular morphology.
  • Experimental measurements of electrical resistivity as a function of magnetic field and temperature.
  • Theoretical analysis invoking macroscopic quantum tunneling and Josephson junction dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Observed resistivity saturation on both superconducting and insulating sides of the H-SIT.
  • Anomalous metallic behavior was found to suppress conductivity divergence at low temperatures.
  • Evidence suggests that the transition is governed by the competition between Josephson coupling energy (E_J) and charging energy (E_C).

Conclusions:

  • Resistivity saturation is attributed to macroscopic quantum tunneling effects in a system of Josephson junctions.
  • The 'failed superconductor' state arises from phase fluctuations, while the 'failed insulator' state is due to charge fluctuations.
  • Vestiges of self-duality persist in the avoided H-SIT, influenced by the percolative nature of the dissipative path in the random Josephson junction network.