Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Assessing Species-specific Contributions To Craniofacial Development Using Quail-duck Chimeras
Published on: May 31, 2014
Morphological variations of caudal skeleton between three chicken breeds
Daisuke Kondoh1, Ryoko Ono2, Masashi Yanagawa1
1Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan.
Abstract:
Although fancy caudae are important traits for chicken breeds, factors associated with their morphological diversity are not fully understood. We analyzed the caudal skeleton of the Tosa-jidori, Chabo, and Minohikichabo breeds with wild-type, erect, and rich caudae, respectively. Five of six Tosa-jidori chickens had four caudal vertebrae, whereas all six Chabo and five of six Minohikichabo chickens had five. The angle of the apex pygostyli with respect to the margo cranialis was significantly larger and smaller in Chabo and Minohikichabo than Tosa-jidori chickens, respectively. These findings indicated that the caudal skeleton is one of important factors for forming the characteristic traits of chicken breeds.
Related Concept Videos
Complementation Tests
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Classification of Bones
Long and Short Bones
The appendicular skeleton, particularly the upper and lower limbs, is primarily made of long and short bones. The...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Convergent Evolution
Testing a Claim about Mean: Unknown Population SD
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be approximately normally distributed. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. There is no specific requirement for sample size. But if the sample size is less than 30, and we don't know the population standard deviation, a different approach is used;...
Types of Selection

