Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

15.8K
If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
15.8K
Observational Studies01:11

Observational Studies

8.8K
Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
There are three types of observational studies – Prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional.
Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...
8.8K
Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Residence Time01:05

Noncompartmental Analysis: Mean Residence Time

266
According to statistical moment theory, mean residence time (MRT) is an important measure in pharmacokinetics. MRT can be defined as the expected mean of a probability density function distribution. It provides valuable insights into drug disposition in the body.
After the administration of a drug through intravenous bolus injection, the drug molecules are distributed throughout the body and remain there for varying periods. The MRT represents the average time these drug molecules stay in the...
266
Data Collection by Observations01:08

Data Collection by Observations

12.7K
Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
An astronomer viewing the motion and brightness of stars in the sky and recording the data is an example of observational data collection. A botanist recording...
12.7K
The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time02:39

The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time

35.9K
While the differential rate law relates the rate and concentrations of reactants, a second form of rate law called the integrated rate law relates concentrations of reactants and time. Integrated rate laws can be used to determine the amount of reactant or product present after a period of time or to estimate the time required for a reaction to proceed to a certain extent. For example, an integrated rate law helps determine the length of time a radioactive material must be stored for its...
35.9K
Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation01:15

Drug Concentration Versus Time Correlation

1.2K
The plasma drug concentration-time curve is a crucial tool in pharmacokinetics, representing the drug's concentration in plasma at different time intervals post-administration. This curve illustrates the drug's journey from absorption into the systemic circulation, distribution to body tissues, and eventual elimination through excretion or biotransformation.
Two pivotal parameters are the minimum effective concentration (MEC) and the minimum toxic concentration (MTC). The MEC is the...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Frequency-specific electromagnetic modulation of brain redox state precedes cortical activity in stroke recovery.

iScience·2026
Same author

Diverging results with converging operations: Implications for the study of consciousness and cognition.

Consciousness and cognition·2026
Same author

The Male Gaze Explored: Ranking Thinness and Attractiveness of Female Body Shapes.

Journal for person-oriented research·2025
Same author

Extremely Low-Frequency and Low-Intensity Electromagnetic Field Technology (ELF-EMF) Sculpts Microtubules.

The European journal of neuroscience·2025
Same author

The sands of time: Discontinuity in time production, or inadequacy of psychophysical fit?

Progress in brain research·2024
Same author

When the body fosters empathy: The interconnectivity between bodily reactivity, meditation, and embodied abstract concepts.

Progress in brain research·2024
Same journal

A New Method to Interpret Cluster Analysis Results in the Presence of Heterogeneous Clusters.

Journal for person-oriented research·2026
Same journal

Data and Information Privacy as a Human Right: A Qualitative Study of its Perceived Impact on Mental Health.

Journal for person-oriented research·2026
Same journal

"The Art of Loving": A Psychobiographical Perspective on Erich Fromm's Life and Love Concepts.

Journal for person-oriented research·2026
Same journal

Control of Type 1 and Type 2 Errors in Configural Frequency Analysis.

Journal for person-oriented research·2026
Same journal

Sleep Disturbances in the Prodromal Phase of Mood Episodes in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Replicated Single-case Design.

Journal for person-oriented research·2025
Same journal

Sudden Loss and Indicators of Resilience: A Narrative Therapy Case Study.

Journal for person-oriented research·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.0K

Time Production Intensively Studied in One Observer.

Joseph Glicksohn1,2, Batsheva Weisinger3

  • 1Department of Criminology, Bar-Ilan University, Israel.

Journal for Person-Oriented Research
|July 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental stimulation, like flicker, impacts internal time production (TP). Increased flicker rates shorten perceived durations, with 6 Hz flicker achieving accurate time perception. Counting strategy had no significant effect.

Keywords:
flickerinternal clockpsychophysical functiontime perceptiontime production

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills
09:27

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.4K
Measuring Light-Switching Behavior Using an Occupancy and Light Data Logger
05:50

Measuring Light-Switching Behavior Using an Occupancy and Light Data Logger

Published on: January 16, 2020

5.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

10.0K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills
09:27

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Link Between Time Perception of Visual Stimuli and Reading Skills

Published on: January 19, 2024

1.4K
Measuring Light-Switching Behavior Using an Occupancy and Light Data Logger
05:50

Measuring Light-Switching Behavior Using an Occupancy and Light Data Logger

Published on: January 16, 2020

5.9K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Chronobiology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • The internal clock model suggests time production (TP) synchronizes with pacemaker function.
  • Increased environmental stimulation, particularly flicker, is hypothesized to decrease TP for set durations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of flicker rate and counting strategy on time production.
  • To determine the flicker rate at which veridical time perception is achieved.

Main Methods:

  • An n=1 experiment utilized a factorial design crossing Flicker (rate) and Counting Strategy.
  • 48 unique conditions were created, with participants producing 6 target intervals 6 times each.
  • Psychophysical functions relating produced duration to target duration were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Increasing flicker rate significantly decreased produced duration, supporting the hypothesis.
  • A main effect of flicker was observed on the intercept, but not the slope, of the psychophysical function.
  • Veridical time perception was achieved at a flicker rate of 6 Hz; counting strategy had no discernible effect.

Conclusions:

  • Flicker rate is a significant factor influencing time production, potentially by affecting the internal clock's pacemaker.
  • A flicker rate of 6 Hz appears to normalize time perception.
  • The influence of flicker on time production may override cognitive strategies like counting.