Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 4, 2025
04:33
Author Spotlight: Unveiling the Connection Between Sleep Disorders and Cognitive Symptoms in Depression
Published on: April 26, 2024
781
Neurocognitive functioning in bipolar disorder: What we know and what we don't
Kamyar Keramatian1, Ivan J Torres1, Lakshmi N Yatham1
1Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
|July 21, 2022
Summary
Bipolar disorder (BD) is linked to widespread cognitive impairments across all states, with significant heterogeneity. Interventions show promise, but large trials are needed to confirm their effectiveness.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex mental health condition.
- Neurocognitive functioning is frequently impacted in individuals with BD.
- Understanding these deficits is crucial for effective treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize existing evidence on neurocognitive functioning in Bipolar Disorder.
- To review systematic reviews and meta-analyses on cognitive impairments in BD.
- To identify factors influencing cognitive performance and potential interventions.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive literature search was performed using MEDLINE.
- 38 relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses were identified and analyzed.
- Evidence was compiled on various aspects of neurocognitive functioning in BD.
Main Results:
- Bipolar disorder is associated with cognitive impairment across multiple domains and clinical states.
- Cognitive heterogeneity exists within BD, not explained by subtypes; overlap with other conditions noted.
- Residual symptoms, clinical course, and episode history impact cognition; cognitive function predicts general functioning.
Conclusions:
- Longitudinal studies in high-risk individuals are needed to understand the progression of neurocognitive impairment in BD.
- Large-scale randomized controlled trials are required to evaluate the efficacy of various pro-cognitive interventions.
- Further research should explore interventions in different patient subgroups and disease stages.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Bipolar Disorder
139
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
139
01:24Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview
317
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
317
01:30Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia
116
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
116
01:18Depression: Overview
327
Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
327
01:26Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
202
Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
202
01:14Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
567
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
567