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Revisiting Fluoride in the Twenty-First Century: Safety and Efficacy Considerations
Steve Duffin1,2,3, Marcus Duffin1,2,3, Martin Grootveld4
1Shoreview Dental LLC, Keizer, OR, United States.
This review examines fluoride therapeutics in dentistry, including silver diamine fluoride (SDF). A new graphical tool helps assess fluoride intake and toxicity risk for safer patient care.
Area of Science:
- Dental Therapeutics
- Fluoride Chemistry
- Toxicology
Background:
- Fluoride has a century-long history in dental therapeutics, with systemic and topical applications.
- Recent advancements include silver diamine fluoride (SDF), now a WHO essential medicine for caries prevention.
- Existing fluoride treatments require a comprehensive risk-benefit review.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review fluoride therapeutics, their risks, and benefits in dentistry.
- To introduce a novel graphical tool for evaluating fluoride intake and toxicity risk.
- To provide guidance for dental clinicians on safe fluoride product use.
Main Methods:
- Historical review of fluoride applications in dentistry.
- Evaluation of fluoride toxicology and rare instances of overuse.
- Detailed examination of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) development and action.
- Development of a graphical tool for assessing fluoride intake and toxicity risk, incorporating Body Mass Index (BMI).
Main Results:
- Fluoride therapeutics, including monofluorophosphate, stannous fluoride, and SDF, have evolved significantly.
- A new graphical tool aids in rapid, on-site evaluation of fluoride intake and toxicity risk.
- Guidelines are established to correlate fluoride exposure with toxicity, aiding clinical practice.
Conclusions:
- The developed graphical tool serves as a valuable toxicity guide for dental practitioners.
- This tool supports informed clinical decisions regarding fluoride-rich oral care products.
- Special attention is given to pediatric patient care and risk assessment.
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