'End of life': a concept analysis.

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Palliative Care
• Medical Ethics

Background:

• The concept of end-of-life (EOL) is often used interchangeably with palliative and terminal care, leading to ambiguity.
• Practitioners and researchers need a precise definition of EOL to provide optimal care and conduct rigorous studies.
• A clear theoretical basis for EOL care is essential for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To critically analyze the concept of end-of-life (EOL).
• To clarify the terminology associated with the end-of-life phase.
• To establish a well-defined theoretical framework for EOL care.

Main Methods:

• Rodgers' evolutionary concept analysis method was employed.
• The study involved a critical analysis of the EOL concept and its related terms.
• This approach facilitated a comprehensive understanding of the EOL concept's attributes and antecedents.

Main Results:

• Key attributes of the EOL concept include time remaining, clinical status, psychosocial symptoms, and dignity.
• Antecedents identified were the transition into the EOL phase and its recognition.
• EOL care in clinical practice emerged from the application of the defined EOL concept.

Conclusions:

• Early recognition of the end-of-life phase is critical for effective symptom management.
• Ensuring a dignified death is a primary outcome of timely EOL care.
• A clearer conceptualization of EOL enhances the quality of care provided during this life stage.