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Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

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Controlled Human Infection Models To Accelerate Vaccine Development.

Robert K M Choy¹, A Louis Bourgeois¹, Christian F Ockenhouse¹

¹PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

|July 21, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Controlled human challenge models can accelerate vaccine development by providing critical data on efficacy and pathogenesis. Further development of these models is essential to fully realize their potential in advancing infectious disease vaccines.

Keywords:

controlled human infection model human challenge model vaccine

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Area of Science:

* Infectious disease research
* Vaccinology
* Clinical trial design

Background:

* Traditional vaccine development timelines are lengthy, with many candidates failing in late-stage trials.
* Controlled human challenge models offer a potential solution to accelerate vaccine development and improve success rates.
* Existing models have shown success but have not yet reached their full potential.

Purpose of the Study:

* To review the current state and potential of controlled human challenge models for vaccine development.
* To assess the suitability of existing models for 17 infectious diseases.
* To motivate scientists to utilize and further develop human challenge models.

Main Methods:

* Comprehensive review of available challenge models for 17 infectious diseases.
* Analysis of disease public health importance, pathogen characteristics, and vaccine candidates.
* Evaluation of models' capacity to assess vaccine efficacy and identify correlates of protection.

Main Results:

* Human challenge models have not been fully utilized to their potential in vaccine development.
* Significant opportunities exist to leverage these models for critical data generation.
* Ideal challenge model characteristics can be defined, and existing/future models can be further developed.

Conclusions:

* Controlled human challenge models are powerful tools that can significantly accelerate vaccine development.
* Further investment in developing and optimizing these models is crucial for advancing global health.
* Defining ideal model characteristics will guide future research and application.