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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

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In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or...
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Emerging platforms for high-throughput enzymatic bioassays.

Fangchi Shao1, Pei-Wei Lee2, Hui Li2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.

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|July 21, 2022
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Summary

High-throughput enzymatic bioassays are crucial for research and industry. This study compares microtiter plates, microfluidic arrays, and droplet microfluidics, highlighting their performance and future directions.

Keywords:
digitizationdroplet microfluidicshigh-throughput enzymatic bioassayshigh-throughput screeningmicrofluidic arraymicrotiter plates

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Enzymes are vital catalysts for biological reactions and metabolic processes.
  • In vitro enzymatic bioassays are widely used in research and industry, including drug screening and biofuel production.
  • High-throughput platforms are essential for many enzymatic bioassays, with microtiter plates being the current standard.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare emerging high-throughput enzymatic bioassay platforms: microfluidic arrays and droplet microfluidics.
  • To evaluate these platforms against established microtiter plate assays using key performance metrics.
  • To identify remaining challenges and future research trends in high-throughput enzymatic bioassays.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of microtiter plates, microfluidic arrays, and droplet microfluidics.
  • Evaluation based on reagent consumption, reaction manipulation, reaction recovery, real-time measurement, concentration gradient range, and multiplexity.
  • Review of recent advancements and performance data for each platform.

Main Results:

  • Microfluidic arrays and droplet microfluidics offer distinct advantages over traditional microtiter plates.
  • Current limitations exist in reagent consumption, reaction control, recovery, real-time monitoring, gradient generation, and multiplexing capabilities for emerging platforms.
  • Significant progress has been made, but challenges remain in optimizing these performance metrics.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic and droplet-based platforms show promise for advancing high-throughput enzymatic bioassays.
  • Addressing current limitations in performance metrics is crucial for wider adoption.
  • Future research should focus on overcoming these challenges to enhance efficiency and capabilities.