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Psychosurgery01:30

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Psychosurgery, the surgical alteration or permanent removal of brain tissue to alleviate severe psychological conditions, stands as one of the most radical and controversial treatments in the history of mental health care. Its development and application have evolved significantly, marked by dramatic shifts in scientific understanding and ethical perspectives.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Brain Death Induction in Mice Using Intra-Arterial Blood Pressure Monitoring and Ventilation via Tracheostomy
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Challenges in Brain-Death Certification in India.

Devprakash Choudhary1, Ashish Sharma1, Sarbpreet Singh1

  • 1Department of Renal Transplant Surgery, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India.

Neurology India
|July 22, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain Death (BD) determination using ancillary tests is crucial when clinical evaluations are inconclusive. This report details the first use of four-vessel angiography and transcranial Doppler in India to confirm BD, aiding legal compliance.

Keywords:
Ancillary testsTHOA/THOTAbrain-death certification guidelines

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Forensic Medicine
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Brain Death (BD) or Death by Neurological Criteria (DNC) is internationally accepted.
  • The Transplantation of Human Organs Act (THOA) legally defined BD in 1994.
  • The THOA lacks guidelines for ancillary tests in BD determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first use of ancillary tests for BD confirmation in India.
  • To highlight the importance of ancillary tests when standard DNC examination is not feasible.
  • To address the gap in THOA guidelines regarding ancillary BD testing.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of two instances requiring BD determination.
  • Utilized ancillary tests: four-vessel angiography and transcranial Doppler.
  • Standard clinical components of DNC were inconclusive or could not be performed.

Main Results:

  • Ancillary tests successfully confirmed Brain Death in both cases.
  • Four-vessel angiography and transcranial Doppler provided conclusive evidence of BD.
  • This represents the first documented use of these ancillary tests in India for BD certification.

Conclusions:

  • Ancillary tests are vital for BD determination when clinical evaluation is limited.
  • The findings support the integration of ancillary test guidelines into the THOA.
  • This case series establishes a precedent for using advanced neuroimaging and Doppler in Indian BD certification.