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Passive and Active Microrheology for Biomedical Systems.

Yating Mao1,2, Paige Nielsen1,2, Jamel Ali1,2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, United States.

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|July 22, 2022
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Summary

Microrheology measures soft material properties using particle motion, offering advantages over bulk methods. This review covers its advanced applications in biological systems, highlighting future potential.

Keywords:
biomacromoleculescomplex fluidsheterogeneitymechanobiologymicrorheologyviscoelasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Microrheology measures mechanical properties of soft materials by tracking microscopic particle motion.
  • It offers advantages over bulk rheology, including smaller sample sizes and non-destructive testing.
  • Methods are categorized as passive (thermal energy) or active (external forces like optical/magnetic fields).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements and applications of microrheology in biomedical systems.
  • To discuss the capabilities of microrheology in probing complex biological environments.
  • To identify current challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Characterizing microscopic particle motion within soft materials.
  • Utilizing passive microrheology driven by thermal energy.
  • Employing active microrheology with external optical or magnetic fields.

Main Results:

  • Microrheology extends probing length and frequency ranges compared to bulk rheology.
  • It provides spatiotemporal information and describes heterogeneity in complex fluids.
  • Recent growth shows significant use in *in vitro* and *in vivo* mammalian cell, tissue, and biofluid studies.

Conclusions:

  • Microrheology is a powerful tool for characterizing complex biological materials.
  • Its minimally invasive nature is crucial for studying delicate biological systems.
  • Continued advancements promise broader applications in understanding biological mechanics.