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Updated: Sep 4, 2025
08:32
Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
Published on: March 2, 2014
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Early Events in Reovirus Infection Influence Induction of Innate Immune Response
Andrew T Abad1, Pranav Danthi1
1Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
Journal of Virology
|July 22, 2022
Summary
Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) uses endosomal proteases to trigger immune responses. Reovirus entry pathways and uncoating speed influence host detection and antiviral defenses.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) is a double-stranded RNA virus.
- Reovirus infection triggers host antiviral responses via cytoplasmic sensors recognizing viral dsRNA.
- Access of host sensors to the reovirus genome, protected by viral proteins, is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how host sensors detect reovirus dsRNA during infection.
- To elucidate the role of endosomal proteases and viral entry pathways in triggering antiviral responses.
- To understand reovirus evasion mechanisms against host immune detection.
Main Methods:
- Studied reovirus-infected mammalian cells.
- Utilized reovirus mutants with varying uncoating speeds and entry pathways.
- Assessed viral dsRNA exposure and immune response induction.
Main Results:
- Endosomal proteases are required for immune response induction, even late in infection.
- Viral dsRNA genome is exposed and detectable during reovirus entry.
- Rapidly uncoating mutants and particles entering via dynamin-independent pathways induce diminished immune responses.
Conclusions:
- Reovirus entry and uncoating dynamics critically influence host immune detection.
- Endosomal processing is essential for initiating antiviral responses to reovirus.
- Reovirus employs distinct entry routes to evade host immune surveillance.
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