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Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
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Evolved interactions stabilize many coexisting phases in multicomponent liquids.

David Zwicker1, Liedewij Laan2

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organisation, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological phase separation is key for cell organization. Optimized protein interactions robustly control the number of phases, even with changing conditions, unlike random interactions.

Keywords:
biomolecular condensatesdropletsoptimizationstatistical physics

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Systems biology

Background:

  • Phase separation is crucial for cellular organization and function.
  • Understanding the formation and regulation of multiple coexisting phases in complex biological systems remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a numerical method for studying coexisting phases in multi-component systems.
  • To investigate how optimizing component interactions can control phase behavior, mimicking evolutionary processes.

Main Methods:

  • A numerical method based on physical relaxation dynamics was employed.
  • Interactions between components were optimized to achieve specific phase numbers, analogous to evolutionary optimization.

Main Results:

  • Optimized interactions robustly generated a defined number of phases, outperforming random or designed interactions.
  • These optimized interactions demonstrated robustness to perturbations and allowed rapid adaptation to new phase count targets.
  • The study provides a concrete example of emergent properties in complex systems without fine-tuning individual components.

Conclusions:

  • Genetically encoded protein interactions offer versatile control over biological phase behavior.
  • Optimized interactions lead to robust and adaptable phase formation, essential for cellular organization.
  • This work highlights emergent properties in biological systems driven by optimized interactions.