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Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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Van der Waals Equation01:10

Van der Waals Equation

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The ideal gas law is an approximation that works well at high temperatures and low pressures. The van der Waals equation of state (named after the Dutch physicist Johannes van der Waals, 1837−1923) improves it by considering two factors.
First, the attractive forces between molecules, which are stronger at higher densities and reduce the pressure, are considered by adding to the pressure a term equal to the square of the molar density multiplied by a positive coefficient a. Second, the volume...
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

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In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
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Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation04:01

Real Gases: Effects of Intermolecular Forces and Molecular Volume Deriving Van der Waals Equation

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Thus far, the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, has been applied to a variety of different types of problems, ranging from reaction stoichiometry and empirical and molecular formula problems to determining the density and molar mass of a gas. However, the behavior of a gas is often non-ideal, meaning that the observed relationships between its pressure, volume, and temperature are not accurately described by the gas laws. 
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When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
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Probe Type II Band Alignment in One-Dimensional Van Der Waals Heterostructures Using First-Principles Calculations
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Atomic-Void van der Waals Channel Waveguides.

Haonan Ling1, Jacob B Khurgin2, Artur R Davoyan1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.

Nano Letters
|July 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Layered van der Waals materials enable subwavelength light guiding in atomic-void channels. These materials offer extreme optical confinement with low loss, advancing integrated optics for sensing and quantum applications.

Keywords:
deeply subwavelengthoptical confinementtransition metal dichalcogenidesvan der Waals materials

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanophotonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Layered van der Waals materials offer unique subnanometer atomic-void channels.
  • Guiding light in these channels is crucial for advanced sensing, quantum information, and single-molecule chemistry.
  • Exploiting material resonances is key to achieving deep subwavelength light confinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically investigate the limits of light guiding in atomic-void channels within van der Waals materials.
  • To identify van der Waals materials suitable for deeply subwavelength light guiding.
  • To analyze the impact of material properties like anisotropy and losses on waveguide performance.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical examination of light propagation in atomic-void channels.
  • Analysis of excitonic and polaritonic resonances in van der Waals materials.
  • Modeling of optical power confinement and loss characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Van der Waals materials with strong excitonic (e.g., transition metal dichalcogenides) and polaritonic (e.g., hexagonal boron nitride) resonances are ideal for subwavelength light guiding.
  • Excitonic materials can confine >70% of optical power in channels <λ/100 (visible/near-infrared).
  • Polaritonic materials enable guiding below λ/500 (mid-infrared) with low loss compared to plasmonics.

Conclusions:

  • Atomic-void channels in van der Waals materials provide a platform for deeply subwavelength optics.
  • Excitonic and polaritonic resonances are critical for achieving extreme optical confinement.
  • These van der Waals channel waveguides offer a promising route to low-loss, highly confined optical devices.