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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Simultaneous Brightfield, Fluorescence, and Optical Coherence Tomographic Imaging of Contracting Cardiac Trabeculae Ex Vivo
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Visualising and quantifying microvascular structure and function in patients with heart failure using optical

David F G Sciarrone1, Robert A McLaughlin2,3,4, Raden Argarini1,5

  • 1Cardiovascular Research Group, School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.

The Journal of Physiology
|July 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure patients show impaired skin microvascular function at rest. However, their microvessels can still dilate in response to heat, indicating a functional, not structural, issue.

Keywords:
heart failuremicrovesselsoptical imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is associated with impaired large artery function, but microvascular function remains poorly understood due to limited in vivo imaging tools.
  • Skin microvasculature is a surrogate for systemic microvascular health and plays a crucial role in thermoregulation, which is often dysfunctional in HF.
  • Existing research highlights the need for advanced imaging techniques to assess microvascular alterations in HF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microvascular structure and function in the skin of individuals with heart failure using a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique.
  • To compare resting and heat-induced microvascular responses in HF patients versus healthy controls.
  • To determine if HF-related microvascular dysfunction is structural or functional.

Main Methods:

  • A novel optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique was employed to visualize and quantify microvascular parameters (density, diameter, blood flow, blood speed) in the forearm skin.
  • 10 subjects with HF and 10 age- and sex-matched controls were studied at rest (33°C) and after localized skin heating.
  • OCT imaging allowed for in vivo assessment of microvascular structure and dynamic responses to physiological stimuli.

Main Results:

  • At rest, HF patients exhibited significantly lower microvascular density, diameter, and blood flow compared to controls (P < 0.05 for all).
  • Resting microvascular blood speed was not significantly different between HF patients and controls (P = 0.069).
  • Following localized heating, microvascular density, diameter, blood speed, and blood flow became similar in both HF patients and controls (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with heart failure demonstrate impaired resting microvascular function, suggesting underlying microvascular disease.
  • Despite resting abnormalities, HF patients retain the capacity for cutaneous microvessel dilation in response to heat stress, indicating preserved functional regulation.
  • This study highlights the feasibility of OCT for in vivo visualization and quantification of microvascular responses, revealing functional microvascular regulation as a primary abnormality in HF.