Single-Cell RNA Sequencing for Analyzing the Intestinal Tract in Healthy and Diseased Individuals

The intestinal tract is composed of different cell lineages with distinct functions and gene expression profiles, providing uptake of nutrients and protection against insults to the gut lumen. Changes in or damage to the cellulosity or local environment of the intestinal tract can cause various diseases. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful tool for profiling and analyzing individual cell data, making it possible to resolve rare and intermediate cell states that are hardly observed at the bulk level. In this review, we discuss the application of intestinal tract scRNA-seq in identifying novel cell subtypes and states, targets, and explaining the molecular mechanisms involved in intestinal diseases. Finally, we provide future perspectives on using single-cell techniques to discover molecular and cellular targets and biomarkers as a new approach for developing novel therapeutics for intestinal diseases.