Computerized working memory training in males with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A single case experimental design...

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Pediatrics
• Cognitive Psychology

Background:

• Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is frequently associated with learning disabilities (LDs) and working memory (WM) deficits.
• Computerized WM training has shown efficacy in children with LDs, but its application in DMD populations is under-researched.
• Understanding the impact of WM training on DMD-related cognitive comorbidities is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the efficacy of computerized WM training in improving WM problems in children with DMD and LDs.
• To evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of WM training at post-intervention and 3- and 8-month follow-ups.
• To determine if WM training generalizes to other cognitive functions and academic skills affected by LDs in DMD.

Main Methods:

• An exploratory study employed a single-case, non-concurrent multiple baseline design across four participants with DMD and LDs.
• Parental reports of WM problems were the primary target behavior, supplemented by cognitive tests (WM, academics, attention, processing speed, fluid reasoning).
• Behavioral questionnaires for parents and teachers were administered at baseline, post-intervention, and 3- and 8-month follow-ups.

Main Results:

• Three out of four participants demonstrated positive effects on target WM behaviors, though parental bias is a potential confound.
• Significant near- and far-transfer effects were observed in verbal and visual WM, reading, arithmetic, processing speed, and fluid reasoning.
• Training effects on WM and cognitive functions were sustained at 3- and 8-month follow-ups, with minimal changes in behavioral questionnaires.

Conclusions:

• Computerized WM training appears to be a promising intervention for addressing WM deficits and associated learning difficulties in DMD.
• The observed transfer effects suggest broad cognitive benefits beyond targeted WM skills.
• Further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to confirm these findings and optimize WM training protocols for DMD.