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A gap in nitrous oxide emission reporting complicates long-term climate mitigation.

Stephen J Del Grosso1, Stephen M Ogle2, Cynthia Nevison3

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Spring soil freeze-thaw cycles in cold climates cause significant nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural lands. Current greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories likely underestimate these N2O emissions, impacting climate goals.

Keywords:
GHG accountingN cyclingecosystem modelingsoil N2O

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas and stratospheric ozone-depleting substance.
  • Agricultural soils are a major source of anthropogenic N2O emissions.
  • National greenhouse gas (GHG) reporting often overlooks spring soil freeze-thaw events as a key emission driver in cold climates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the impact of spring soil freeze-thaw cycles on N2O emissions in the northcentral United States.
  • To assess the underestimation of N2O emissions in current national GHG reporting frameworks for cold regions.
  • To highlight the implications of N2O emission underestimation for meeting international climate targets.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized atmospheric inversion modeling to estimate N2O fluxes.
  • Employed newly developed bottom-up modeling approaches for N2O emission calculations.
  • Analyzed N2O emission data from croplands and grasslands in the northcentral US.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant N2O emission pulses during early spring in the study region.
  • Quantified an increase of 6% to 16% in annual N2O emissions due to spring thaw events.
  • Indicated that emission accounting in cold climate regions is likely underestimated in most national reporting.

Conclusions:

  • Spring soil freeze-thaw is a critical, underestimated driver of N2O emissions in cold climates.
  • Inaccurate N2O accounting poses risks to achieving long-term climate mitigation goals under agreements like the Paris Agreement.
  • Accurate accounting and mitigation of N2O emissions are increasingly vital as CO2 and CH4 reductions progress.