Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

9.1K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
9.1K
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

21.4K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
21.4K
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

639
In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
639
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

2.9K
Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
2.9K
π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene01:24

π Molecular Orbitals of 1,3-Butadiene

9.6K
Conjugated dienes have lower heats of hydrogenation than cumulated and isolated dienes, making them more stable. The enhanced stabilization of conjugated systems can be understood from their π molecular orbitals.
The simplest conjugated diene is 1,3-butadiene: a four-carbon system where each carbon is sp2-hybridized and has an unhybridized p orbital that contains an unpaired electron. According to molecular orbital theory, atomic orbitals combine to form molecular orbitals such that the number...
9.6K
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

48.6K
The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
48.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Combined Neutron and Synchrotron X-ray Scattering Study of a MgAl-Layered Double Oxide.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

Molecular and Electronic Structural Studies of <i>d</i><sup>3</sup>-<i>d</i><sup>3</sup> and <i>d</i><sup>5</sup>-<i>d</i><sup>5</sup> M<sub>2</sub>R<sub>6</sub> Complexes (M = Mo, Ru; R = CH<sub>3</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>CMe<sub>3</sub>): On the Interplay of Metal-Metal Bond Order and MR<sub>3</sub> Pyramidalization.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

Field-induced reactant enrichment enhances benzyl alcohol electrooxidation coupled with hydrogen evolution.

Chemical science·2025
Same author

Synthesis, characterisation, and magnetic properties of a permethylindenyl manganocene.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2025
Same author

Functionalized Polypropylene Copolymers as Multisubstrate Hot-Melt Adhesives.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Exploring the Nuclearity and Structural Motifs of Phenoxyimine Alkaline Earth Complexes.

Organometallics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
10:52

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

2.9K

Multimetallic Permethylpentalene Hydride Complexes.

Duncan A X Fraser1, Zoë R Turner1, Robert T Cooper1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.

Inorganic Chemistry
|July 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Group 4 permethylpentalene hydride complexes form unusual multimetallic clusters. These novel titanium and zirconium compounds exhibit unique structural motifs and reactivity compared to traditional analogues.

More Related Videos

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

9.7K
The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex
10:52

Line Shape Analysis of Dynamic NMR Spectra for Characterizing Coordination Sphere Rearrangements at a Chiral Rhenium Polyhydride Complex

Published on: July 27, 2022

2.9K
Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
19:58

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Published on: July 30, 2017

9.7K
The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes
10:51

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Published on: April 10, 2015

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Permethylpentalene (Pn*) ligands offer unique steric and electronic properties compared to cyclopentadienyl ligands.
  • Group 4 metals (Titanium, Zirconium) are foundational in organometallic catalysis and synthesis.
  • Understanding metal-hydride cluster formation is crucial for catalytic applications and fundamental bonding studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel group 4 permethylpentalene hydride complexes.
  • To investigate the structural diversity and reactivity of these complexes.
  • To compare the properties of permethylpentalene complexes with their cyclopentadienyl counterparts.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of group 4 permethylpentalene dihalides.
  • Reactions with hydride transfer reagents (e.g., LiAlH4) and hydrogen gas.
  • Characterization using X-ray crystallography, NMR, EPR spectroscopy.
  • Computational studies employing Density Functional Theory (DFT).

Main Results:

  • Formation of unusual hexagonal bipyramidal lithium metal hydride clusters for group 4.
  • Selective deuterium-hydride exchange observed only in the zirconium analogue.
  • Isolation and characterization of a trimetallic titanium hydride cluster with a mixed-valence, diamagnetic nature.
  • DFT calculations revealed a metal-cluster bonding orbital explaining diamagnetism.

Conclusions:

  • Permethylpentalene ligands lead to distinct structural motifs and reactivity in group 4 metal hydride complexes.
  • The synthesized clusters display unique bonding and electronic properties.
  • These findings expand the scope of organometallic cluster chemistry and offer potential for new catalytic systems.