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Updated: Sep 3, 2025

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Active multiband varifocal metalenses based on orbital angular momentum division multiplexing.

Ruixuan Zheng1,2, Ruhao Pan1, Guangzhou Geng1

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.

Nature Communications
|July 25, 2022
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Summary

This study presents a novel dielectric metalens capable of active, multiband varifocal functionality. By controlling orbital angular momentum (OAM), the metalens achieves tunable focal lengths and large depth of field (DOF) for advanced optical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Metalenses offer miniaturized, flat optical components but face limitations in active tunability, operating bandwidth, and depth of field (DOF).
  • Existing metalenses often lack dynamic focal length adjustment and operate effectively over a narrow spectral range.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a dielectric metalens with active multiband varifocal capabilities.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional metalenses regarding active control and spectral versatility.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a dielectric metalens using TiO2 nanofins with ultrahigh aspect ratio.
  • Utilizing orbital angular momentum (OAM) phase manipulation for dynamic focal length control across a 2π phase range.
  • Demonstration of active optical multiplexing by addressing and decoding vortex beams.

Main Results:

  • Achieved switchable focal lengths ranging from 5 mm to 35 mm.
  • Validated multiband capability at 532 nm and 633 nm with large DOFs.
  • Demonstrated a conversion efficiency of 49% and wavelength-dependent focal length tuning.

Conclusions:

  • The developed non-mechanical tunable metalens successfully realizes active varifocal functionality.
  • This work paves the way for advanced optical systems with enhanced dynamic focusing and multiband operation.
  • The metalens design shows potential for replacing traditional optical components in various applications.