Acute Compartment Syndrome as a Complication of Radial Artery Catheterization

Acute compartment syndrome is a rare complication of radial artery catheterization. If not identified and treated emergently, it can lead to profound disability or limb loss. Here, we discuss a rare case of acute compartment syndrome in the forearm of a 54-year-old man after transradial catheterization and anticoagulation for myocardial infarction, which ultimately required emergent fasciotomies and prolonged hospital care. The benefits of a percutaneous intervention performed through radial artery catheterization will almost always outweigh the risks of the catheterization itself; however, the serious complication of forearm hematoma leading to acute compartment syndrome should be discussed with patients as a potential procedural risk. The signs and symptoms of acute compartment syndrome should be reviewed by perioperative staff and physicians to rapidly identify the evolving condition and initiate appropriate treatment. This case report follows CARE guidelines.