Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

473
The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
473
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

44.5K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
44.5K
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

315
Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
315
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

1.5K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.5K
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

422
Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:
422
Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention01:30

Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention

2.4K
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

LacR and TrxB are key virulence factors involved in pneumococcal meningitis as identified by a genome-wide association study.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

The burden of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections: a causal perspective.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Diagnostic challenges and Gram-negative pathogen dominance in early- and late-onset neonatal infection in Manila, Philippines.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Mortality and Length of Stay Associated With Community-Acquired Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: An Observational Study in 9 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2026
Same author

Acrobatics for Antibiotics: Exploring circus-based engagement on community practices surrounding antimicrobial resistance in Cambodia.

Wellcome open research·2026
Same author

First-In-Human Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of VENT-02 Freebase, a CNS-Penetrant NLRP3 Inhibitor.

Clinical and translational science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
07:47

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

15.7K

Pneumococcal genetic variability in age-dependent bacterial carriage.

Philip H C Kremer1, Bart Ferwerda1,2, Hester J Bootsma3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Netherlands.

Elife
|July 26, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Pneumococcal carriage differs between children and adults, with pathogen genetics playing a small role. Understanding these variations can inform targeted vaccine strategies against dominant serotypes.

Keywords:
Streptococcus pneumoniaegeneticsgenomicsinfectious diseasemeningitismicrobialmicrobiologypneumococcus

More Related Videos

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

15.2K
Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
06:06

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
07:47

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

15.7K
Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
11:32

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

15.2K
Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
06:06

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43

Published on: September 11, 2020

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Immunology
  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Pneumococcal carriage varies significantly between pediatric and adult populations.
  • Host immune factors are known contributors to age-specific pneumococcal carriage differences.
  • The influence of pathogen genetic variation on age-associated carriage remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of pathogen genetic factors in age-specific pneumococcal carriage.
  • To identify potential targets for improved pneumococcal vaccine formulations.
  • To analyze genome-wide associations between host age and pneumococcal genetic variation.

Main Methods:

  • Genome sequencing of pneumococcal isolates from a large carriage cohort of children and adults.
  • Integration of data from an existing age-stratified carriage study.
  • Compilation of a pathogen genetic variation dictionary (serotype, strain, SNPs, COGs) and genome-wide association analysis with host age.

Main Results:

  • Age-dependent pneumococcal colonization showed heritability, stronger in the second cohort (h² = 0.56).
  • Serotype and genetic background (strain) explained a proportion of this heritability in both cohorts.
  • A single candidate association was identified upstream of a serine-rich glycoprotein adhesin gene (p=1.2 × 10⁻⁹).

Conclusions:

  • Pathogen genome variation has a small, population-variable effect on pneumococcal carriage between children and adults.
  • The observed effects are not driven by strong individual gene impacts.
  • Findings support adaptive vaccination strategies targeting dominant serotypes and pathogen population composition.