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Expectancy, redefinition and reported pain.

N P Spanos, W P Cross, E Watson

    Perceptual and Motor Skills
    |April 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

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    Focusing on sensations during pain did not alter pain reduction, regardless of expectancy. Men consistently reported less pain than women across all study groups.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychology
    • Pain Management
    • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

    Background:

    • Expectancy effects can influence pain perception.
    • Cognitive strategies, such as redefinition, are explored for pain management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of a redefinition strategy on pain perception.
    • To examine the role of positive and negative expectancy in modulating pain during noxious stimulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Four groups of subjects were studied: three received a redefinition strategy with varying expectancy instructions (positive, negative, none), and one control group received no strategy or instructions.
    • Subjects focused on sensations during noxious stimulation.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

  • No significant differences in pain reduction were found between groups with different expectancy conditions.
  • Subjects consistently expected more pain than they reported, with a weak correlation between expected pain reduction and actual reported pain reduction.
  • Men reported lower pain levels than women across all experimental conditions.

    • Conclusions:

    • The redefinition strategy, irrespective of expectancy manipulation, did not significantly alter reported pain levels.
    • Expectancy of pain reduction showed a limited relationship with the actual reduction in reported pain.
    • Gender differences in pain reporting were observed, with men reporting less pain than women.