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Factors Affecting Illness

Factors Affecting Illness

When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and Validity

Reliability and validity are two important considerations that must be made with any type of data collection. Reliability refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result. In the context of psychological research, this would mean that any instruments or tools used to collect data do so in consistent, reproducible ways.

Classification of Illness

Classification of Illness

The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling in Therapy

Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
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Dimensions of Health and Illness

Dimensions of Health and Illness

The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

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Child's Illness Representation Instrument: Testing Reliability & Factor Structure Study.

Jo A Dowell¹, Kim A Arcoleo²

¹Kent State University jdowell1@kent.edu.

Journal of Nursing Measurement

|July 26, 2022

Summary

Illness representation in children with asthma influences symptom management. The Child Illness Representation Scale (CIRS) shows good reliability and factor structure for teens, aiding asthma care research.

Keywords:

asthma illness representation medication adherence symptom management

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Psychology
Health Psychology
Asthma Management

Background:

Illness representation, encompassing illness identity, cause, and timeline, is linked to asthma symptom management.
Understanding how children perceive their illness is crucial for effective asthma self-management strategies.

Discussion:

The Child Illness Representation Scale (CIRS) was evaluated for reliability and factor structure in adolescents with asthma.
Factor analysis identified eight key factors influencing illness perception in this age group.

Key Insights:

The CIRS demonstrated a reliability of 0.79, indicating its consistency in measuring illness representation.
The scale's factor structure provides a framework for understanding how teens conceptualize their asthma.

Outlook:

Findings suggest that teen perceptions of healthcare provider prescribing practices may impact medication adherence.
Further research is recommended to explore the CIRS's utility in studies focusing on medication adherence in pediatric asthma populations.