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Distribution reliability in electrical power systems is critical for ensuring an uninterrupted power supply to consumers at minimal cost. According to IEEE Standard Terms, reliability is the probability that a device will function without failure over a specified time period or amount of usage. For electric power distribution, this translates to maintaining continuous power supply and addressing customer concerns over power outages. Several indices, as defined by IEEE Standard 1366-2012, are...
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Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
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Secondary distribution systems provide electrical energy at the utilization voltage levels from distribution transformers to customer meters. Typical secondary voltages in the United States include 120/240 V for residential use, 208Y/120 V for residential and commercial use, and 480Y/277 V for industrial and high-rise commercial use.
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Large Scale Energy Efficient Sensor Network Routing Using a Quantum Processor Unit
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Authentication of smart grid communications using quantum key distribution.

Muneer Alshowkan1, Philip G Evans2, Michael Starke3

  • 1Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA. alshowkanm@ornl.gov.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enhances smart grid security by authenticating communications on deployed fiber networks. This innovation protects critical infrastructure and future energy resources against cyberattacks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cybersecurity
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Smart grids utilize information and communications technology to enhance energy monitoring and control.
  • Modern communication systems in smart grids are vulnerable to cyberattacks, posing risks to grid reliability and efficiency.
  • Advanced monitoring and control systems are crucial for improving the electric grid's future performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the first use of quantum key distribution (QKD) keys for authenticating smart grid communications.
  • To prototype a method for managing and utilizing QKD-generated cryptographic keys for machine-to-machine authentication.
  • To showcase the feasibility of QKD in securing critical infrastructure, including distributed energy resources.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of QKD keys for authentication within smart grid communication protocols.
  • Prototyping a software package to manage and utilize cryptographic keys derived from QKD.
  • Demonstration on a deployed electric utility fiber network to validate the approach.

Main Results:

  • Successful authentication of smart grid communications using QKD keys.
  • Validation of the developed software package for key management and utilization.
  • Proof of concept for QKD's application in securing machine-to-machine communications for SCADA systems.

Conclusions:

  • QKD offers a viable solution to enhance the security of smart grid communications.
  • The demonstrated method can improve the resilience of critical infrastructure against cyber threats.
  • QKD integration is feasible for securing future distributed energy resources and smart grid components.