New Sagittal and Vertical Cephalometric Analysis Methods: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Orthodontics and Dental Imaging
• Craniomaxillofacial Analysis

Background:

• Cephalometric analysis is crucial for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, focusing on jaw base discrepancies.
• Existing cephalometric measurements may lack satisfactory accuracy, reliability, and reproducibility.
• New cephalometric analyses are continuously developed to enhance diagnostic precision.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review new 2D cephalometric landmarks and measurements for assessing sagittal and vertical jaw base discrepancies since 2013.
• To evaluate the accuracy, reliability, and stability of novel cephalometric analyses compared to traditional methods.
• To critically assess the scientific literature for improved diagnostic tools in orthodontics.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Pro Quest.
• Keywords focused on new cephalometric analyses, landmarks, and measurements for jaw base discrepancies.
• Initial retrieval of 1451 articles, followed by duplicate exclusion and criteria-based selection.

Main Results:

• Only 12 studies on new sagittal cephalometric analyses and 4 on new horizontal cephalometric analyses met the inclusion criteria.
• The review identified a limited number of studies focusing on novel cephalometric analyses published since the last systematic review.
• The selected studies aimed to improve the precision of measurements for anteroposterior and vertical jaw discrepancies.

Conclusions:

• A significant number of new cephalometric analyses have been proposed, but few meet rigorous scientific evaluation criteria.
• Further research is needed to validate the accuracy and reliability of novel cephalometric measurements for clinical application.
• The development of precise and reproducible cephalometric tools remains a key objective in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.