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Mutations in Rht-B1 Locus May Negatively Affect Frost Tolerance in Bread Wheat
Gabriella Szalai1, Mihály Dernovics1, Orsolya Kinga Gondor1
1Department of Plant Physiology and Metabolomics, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Brunszvik u. 2., H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 27, 2022
Summary
Wheat semi-dwarfing genes (Rht) impact frost tolerance. Mutant Rht alleles decrease tolerance, with mechanisms differing between winter and facultative varieties.
Area of Science:
- Plant genetics
- Agronomy
- Molecular biology
Background:
- Wheat semi-dwarfing genes (Rht) are widespread and affect abiotic stress tolerance.
- Rht genes have pleiotropic effects, influencing traits beyond plant height.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of Rht-B1 alleles on frost tolerance in wheat.
- To compare frost tolerance mechanisms between facultative and winter wheat varieties.
Main Methods:
- Studied frost tolerance in near-isogenic lines of 'April Bearded' with different Rht-B1 alleles (Rht-B1a, Rht-B1b, Rht-B1c).
- Analyzed cold acclimation processes including gene expression, phenylpropanoid pathway, carbohydrates, amino acids, polyamines, and tricarboxylic acid cycle compounds.
- Utilized targeted analyses and untargeted metabolomics (GC/LC-MS).
Main Results:
- Frost tolerance decreased in the order: 'Mv Beres' > AB Rht-B1a > AB Rht-B1b > AB Rht-B1c.
- Accumulation of putrescine/agmatine derivatives, flavones, and oligosaccharides correlated with freezing tolerance in 'April Bearded' lines.
- Cold-related processes showed similar changes across genotypes, but mechanisms differed between winter and facultative types.
Conclusions:
- Mutant Rht alleles can reduce the inherent frost tolerance of wheat.
- Metabolomic analysis suggests distinct frost tolerance mechanisms in winter versus facultative wheat varieties.
- Frost resistance in wheat is a complex trait influenced by Rht genes and metabolic pathways.
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