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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
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Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

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Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
107
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
421
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

231
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Identification of Virulence Markers of Mycobacterium abscessus for Intracellular Replication in Phagocytes
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Mycobacterium abscessus: It's Complex.

Hazem F M Abdelaal1, Edward D Chan2,3, Lisa Young4

  • 1Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98145, USA.

Microorganisms
|July 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) causes lung infections, especially in cystic fibrosis patients. New treatments and animal models are urgently needed due to drug resistance and lack of vaccines.

Keywords:
Mycobacterium abscessushost–pathogen interactionnovel therapeuticspathogenesispulmonary infection

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) is an opportunistic pathogen frequently found in patients with cystic fibrosis, often colonizing abnormal lung airways.
  • Pulmonary infections caused by M. abscessus present significant treatment challenges due to the pathogen's intrinsic antibiotic resistance.
  • Currently, there are no vaccines for M. abscessus in clinical development, and effective therapeutic interventions are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review aims to outline critical elements of M. abscessus virulence mechanisms.
  • It also focuses on host-pathogen interactions relevant to pulmonary infections.
  • Furthermore, the review addresses the significant treatment challenges associated with M. abscessus pulmonary diseases.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on M. abscessus.
  • It critically analyzes virulence factors and host immune responses.
  • The review also examines existing and needed therapeutic strategies and preclinical models.

Main Results:

  • M. abscessus exhibits intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics, complicating treatment regimens.
  • The lack of adequate experimental animal models hinders the development of new prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
  • Understanding host-pathogen interactions is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Effective combatting of M. abscessus requires the development of appropriate preclinical animal models.
  • Improved diagnostics are essential for timely and accurate identification of M. abscessus infections.
  • Novel strategies are urgently needed to overcome drug resistance and design effective treatments for M. abscessus pulmonary infections.