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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

734
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
734
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

1.1K
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
1.1K

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Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance
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Stable Dried Catalase Particles Prepared by Electrospraying.

Corinna S Schlosser1, Steve Brocchini1, Gareth R Williams1

  • 1UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) techniques like electrospraying can encapsulate therapeutic enzymes such as bovine liver catalase into stable polymeric particles. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with trehalose best preserved enzyme activity, maintaining stability for over three months.

Keywords:
bovine liver catalaseelectrosprayingprotein stabilityproteinssolid-state protein formulation

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Area of Science:

  • Biopharmaceutical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Enzyme Stabilization

Background:

  • Therapeutic proteins and peptides are crucial in medicine due to their specificity and reduced off-target effects.
  • Maintaining the stability of these biomolecules throughout their lifecycle is a significant challenge.
  • Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) techniques offer a promising approach for encapsulating and delivering biopharmaceuticals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of monoaxial electrospraying for encapsulating bovine liver catalase.
  • To evaluate the impact of electrospraying solution components on enzyme integrity and bioactivity.
  • To optimize particle formulation for enhanced catalase stability and activity retention.

Main Methods:

  • Monoaxial electrospraying of bovine liver catalase using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), dextran, and polysucrose as polymers.
  • Investigation of polysorbate 20 concentration, ethanol addition, and polymer type on encapsulation efficiency and enzyme activity.
  • Assessment of particle stability and enzyme activity retention under various storage conditions, particularly with trehalose addition.

Main Results:

  • Catalase was successfully encapsulated in PVP, dextran, and polysucrose particles.
  • Polysorbate 20 concentration influenced loading but not activity preservation; ethanol addition improved the process without activity loss.
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as a carrier showed no loss in catalase activity.
  • PVP-trehalose particles maintained enzymatic activity for over 3 months at 5 °C, while PVP-only particles lost 50% activity.

Conclusions:

  • Monoaxial electrospraying is a viable method for producing stable, bioactive catalase-loaded polymeric particles.
  • Optimized formulations, particularly using PVP with trehalose, significantly enhance enzyme stability.
  • This technique holds potential for developing stabilized therapeutic enzyme formulations.