Dietary Patterns, Food Insecurity, and Their Relationships with Food Sources and Social Determinants in Two Small
Divya Bhagtani1, Eden Augustus2, Emily Haynes3
1MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Nutrients
|July 27, 2022
Summary
Dietary patterns in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are linked to food sources, not food insecurity. Diverse diets were associated with older age and supermarket sourcing in Fiji and St. Vincent and the Grenadines.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- Small Island Developing States (SIDS) face significant burdens of nutrition-related chronic diseases.
- This is linked to limited access to nutritious foods and a high reliance on imported food products.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate dietary patterns and food insecurity in SIDS.
- To assess associations between these factors and socio-demographic characteristics and food sources.
Main Methods:
- Latent class analysis was used to identify dietary patterns.
- Multivariable regression analyzed associations with socio-demographics and food sources.
- Data collected via 24-hour diet recall and food insecurity scales in Fiji and St. Vincent and the Grenadines.
Main Results:
- Three dietary patterns were identified: low, intermediate, and most diverse in pulses and milk products.
- The most diverse pattern was linked to older age and sourcing from supermarkets and through borrowing, exchanging, bartering, or gifting (BEB).
- Food insecurity prevalence did not differ across dietary patterns but was higher when sourcing from small shops.
Conclusions:
- Dietary patterns in SIDS are associated with specific food sourcing strategies, not directly with food insecurity levels.
- Understanding these associations is crucial for developing targeted interventions to improve nutrition and health outcomes in SIDS.
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