Towards Multiplexed and Multimodal Biosensor Platforms in Real-Time Monitoring of Metabolic Disorders.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Clinical Diagnostics
• Immunology

Background:

• Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a prevalent global health issue linked to increased risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.
• Evidence suggests a connection between MS and immune system dysregulation, with specific biomarkers emerging for early detection.
• Single-analyte detection is insufficient for MS diagnosis due to biomarker promiscuity; multi-analyte approaches are essential.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review biomarkers and accessible biofluids for metabolic syndrome (MS) detection.
• To discuss electrochemical and optical sensing platforms for multimodal biosensing of MS.
• To evaluate current platforms for sensitivity, specificity, and figure-of-merit (FOM) in early MS diagnosis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of MS biomarkers and biofluids.
• Analysis of electrochemical and optical biosensing technologies.
• Comparative assessment of sensing platforms based on multimodal capabilities, FOM, sensitivity, and specificity.

Main Results:

• Various biomarkers and non-invasive biofluids are identified for MS detection.
• Electrochemical and optical sensing platforms offer distinct advantages for multimodal biosensing.
• Complementary use of electrochemical and optical modalities can enhance MS diagnostic reliability.

Conclusions:

• Multi-analyte sensing platforms are crucial for accurate metabolic syndrome (MS) diagnosis.
• Electrochemical and optical biosensors show promise for early and reliable MS detection.
• Further development in multimodal biosensing can significantly improve clinical outcomes for MS.