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Related Concept Videos

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The coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta, bifurcate from two sinuses located within the ascending aorta. Positioned just above the aortic semilunar valve, these sinuses house essential aortic baroreceptors and chemoreceptors, crucial for maintaining cardiac function. The left coronary artery and the right coronary artery branch off from the left posterior and anterior aortic sinuses, respectively.
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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
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Intracranial pure arterial malformations.

Qiao Xin Tee1, Julian Maingard2,3,4, Winston Chong2

  • 1Monash Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

Interventional Neuroradiology : Journal of Peritherapeutic Neuroradiology, Surgical Procedures and Related Neurosciences
|July 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Pure arterial malformations (PAMs) are rare brain vascular lesions. These two cases show PAMs remained stable on imaging without intervention, suggesting a potentially benign clinical course for some patients.

Keywords:
Catheter angiographyPAM = pure arterial malformationcerebral arteries/pathologyvascular disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Pure arterial malformations (PAMs) are uncommon vascular lesions in the brain.
  • They present as a cluster of dilated, tortuous arterial loops without arteriovenous shunting.
  • Increased use of advanced neuroimaging has led to a rise in PAM diagnoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the clinical course of two patients diagnosed with pure arterial malformations.
  • To observe the natural history of PAMs on serial imaging.
  • To evaluate the need for intervention in cases of stable PAMs.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of two patients with incidentally detected PAMs.
  • Serial neuroimaging (angiography) for surveillance.
  • Clinical follow-up to assess for any changes or symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Both cases demonstrated stable PAMs on surveillance imaging over time.
  • No surgical or endovascular intervention was required for either patient.
  • Patients remained asymptomatic throughout the observation period.

Conclusions:

  • Pure arterial malformations may exhibit a stable, non-progressive course in select cases.
  • Conservative management with surveillance imaging may be appropriate for asymptomatic, stable PAMs.
  • Further research is needed to define the long-term natural history and optimal management strategies for PAMs.