Breast cancer-related lymphedema and treatment

Breast cancer-related lymphedema may impact life quality and cause co-morbidity of several types. Though breast cancer-related lymphedema does not directly follow the initial intervention, it may develop even years after it; timely diagnosis and treatment are essential. The combined therapies such as radiation, chemo- and endocrine therapy, and other events (e.g., injury, infection, inflammation, or systemic disease) may further impair the lymphatic function. A prospective surveillance program for the early detection of subclinical edema in high-risk patient groups may improve quality of life. Currently, complex decongestive physiotherapy is the first-line treatment of breast cancer-related lymphedema. It should start soon after the diagnosis. After the early-stage treatment, the lifelong care and followup of the patients are necessary. The article presents pathophysiology, treatment, and future trends of therapies in breast cancer-related lymphedema.