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High-Temperature Oxidation Behavior of Cr-Ni-Mo Hot-Work Die Steels
Yuqi Zhang1,2, Cheng Zhang2, Fei Li1,2
1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 28, 2022
Summary
The 3Cr3Mo2NiW steel showed superior oxidation resistance at 600°C due to a dense, chromium-rich inner oxide layer. In contrast, 3CrNi3Mo steel formed a less protective oxide layer, indicating alloy composition significantly impacts high-temperature performance.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Metallurgical Engineering
- Corrosion Science
Background:
- High-temperature oxidation resistance is critical for hot-work die steels.
- Understanding the role of alloying elements (Cr, Ni, Mo) is essential for developing advanced steels.
- Oxidation kinetics and oxide scale formation dictate material performance under extreme conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and compare the high-temperature oxidation behavior of 3Cr3Mo2NiW and 3CrNi3Mo steels at 600°C in air.
- To analyze the oxide scale microstructure, morphology, structure, and phase composition.
- To elucidate the influence of alloying elements on oxidation resistance and summarize the oxidation mechanism.
Main Methods:
- Oxidation tests conducted at 600°C in air.
- Analysis of oxide film cross-sections using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS).
- Phase composition determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD).
- Microstructural analysis including Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) for grain size and twin grain boundaries.
Main Results:
- Both steels followed a parabolic oxidation rate law.
- 3Cr3Mo2NiW steel formed a dense, chromium-rich inner oxide layer, effectively hindering further oxidation.
- 3CrNi3Mo steel developed an inner oxide layer with a network structure (Ni- and Cr-rich spinel), which did not act as an effective barrier.
- Recrystallization and a high percentage of twin grain boundaries were observed in both steels after heat treatment.
Conclusions:
- The dense, chromium-rich inner oxide layer is key to the superior oxidation resistance of 3Cr3Mo2NiW steel.
- The Ni- and Cr-rich spinel oxide network in 3CrNi3Mo steel offers limited protection against high-temperature oxidation.
- Alloying composition, particularly the formation of protective oxide layers, significantly influences the high-temperature oxidation resistance of Cr-Ni-Mo hot-work die steels.
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