Bender-Gestalt II Test: Psychometric Properties with Global Scoring System on a Turkish Standardization Sample

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Neuropsychology
• Developmental Psychology

Background:

• The Bender-Gestalt II Test is a widely used tool for assessing visual-motor integration.
• Standardization and normative data are crucial for accurate interpretation across diverse populations.
• Previous research highlighted the need for specific normative data for the Turkish population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To standardize the Bender-Gestalt II Test for a Turkish sample.
• To establish normative values for Turkish individuals aged 4 to 17 years.
• To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Bender-Gestalt II Test in this population.

Main Methods:

• A large sample of 2691 students (ages 4.0-17.11) from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds participated.
• Participants completed the Bender-Gestalt II Test alongside other cognitive and developmental assessments.
• Psychometric properties, including reliability and validity, were analyzed using statistical methods.

Main Results:

• High absolute agreement values (.87-.98) were found for Copy items.
• Test-retest reliability ranged from .67 to .74, and split-half reliability from .62 to .87 across age groups.
• Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a single-factor structure, and Copy scores correlated significantly with cognitive abilities.

Conclusions:

• The Bender-Gestalt II Test is a valid, reliable, and standardized measure for assessing visual-motor integration in Turkish individuals aged 4.0-17.11 years.
• The established normative values facilitate accurate clinical interpretation.
• The findings support the use of the Bender-Gestalt II Test in Turkish developmental and clinical psychology settings.