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Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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Optimization of FLASH proton beams using a track-repeating algorithm.

Qianxia Wang1,2, Uwe Titt2, Radhe Mohan2

  • 1Department, of Physics and Astronomy, MS 315, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA.

Medical Physics
|July 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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New algorithms optimize proton therapy for faster radiation treatment (FLASH), reducing side effects while maintaining tumor control. This innovation enables efficient delivery of precise proton beams for deep-seated tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • High dose rate (FLASH) radiation therapy reduces normal tissue toxicity and maintains tumor control compared to conventional methods.
  • FLASH electron therapy is established for superficial tumors; proton therapy is preferred for deep-seated tumors.
  • FLASH proton therapy shows promise, but efficient generation of wide dose distributions for tumor coverage remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a fast and efficient optimizer for passive scattering proton FLASH radiotherapy.
  • To design beamline components for precise dose delivery at The University of Texas MD Anderson Proton Therapy Center.
  • To utilize a fast dose calculator (FDC) for rapid optimization.

Main Methods:

  • A track-repeating Fast Dose Calculator (FDC) algorithm was validated against Geant4 simulations.
Keywords:
FLASHGeant4SOBPbeam optimizationdose ratefast Monte Carloproton beam

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  • Optimizer designed beamline components (ridge filter, scatterer, collimator) for homogeneous fields and spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBP).
  • Optimization tested for proton energies of 87.0 and 159.5 MeV across various beamline arrangements.

    • Main Results:

    • Optimized 87.0-MeV beams achieved an 8.5-mm SOBP and lateral widths up to 14.5 mm.
    • Optimized 159.5-MeV beams achieved a 39.0-mm SOBP and lateral widths up to 20.5 mm.
    • Optimized beams achieved dose rates exceeding the 40 Gy/s FLASH threshold, with rapid design generation.

    Conclusions:

    • An efficient optimizer coupled with FDC was developed and validated for FLASH proton therapy.
    • The system successfully designed beam shaping elements for various proton energies, distances, and SOBPs.
    • Automatic optimization algorithms provide efficient and high-quality beam shaping element designs for clinical application.