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Related Concept Videos

Genome Copying Errors02:46

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DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Using Next Generation Sequencing to Identify Mutations Associated with Repair of a CAS9-induced Double Strand Break Near the CD4 Promoter
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Engineering defects with DNA.

YuHuang Wang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic sequences were used to structurally modify single-walled carbon nanotubes. This research explores novel methods for altering nanomaterial properties through biological engineering approaches.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess unique electronic and mechanical properties.
  • Controlling the structure and functionality of SWCNTs is crucial for advanced applications.
  • Current modification methods often involve harsh chemicals or complex processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using genetic sequences for the structural modification of SWCNTs.
  • To explore a novel bio-inspired approach for tailoring SWCNT properties.
  • To establish a foundation for genetically engineered nanomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing specific genetic sequences designed to interact with SWCNT surfaces.
  • Employing techniques to promote sequence-driven structural alterations in SWCNTs.
  • Characterizing the modified SWCNTs using advanced spectroscopic and microscopic methods.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful structural modification of SWCNTs mediated by genetic sequences.
  • Observed changes in SWCNT morphology and electronic properties post-modification.
  • Identified specific sequence-DNA interactions influencing nanotube structure.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic sequences offer a precise and potentially biocompatible method for modifying SWCNTs.
  • This approach opens new avenues for creating functionalized nanomaterials with tailored characteristics.
  • Further research can explore diverse genetic elements for broader SWCNT engineering applications.