Asthma-I: Introduction
Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification
Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management
Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications
Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management
Asthma-IV: Nursing Management
You might also read
Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.
Updated: Sep 3, 2025

Impact Assessment of Repeated Exposure of Organotypic 3D Bronchial and Nasal Tissue Culture Models to Whole Cigarette Smoke
Published on: February 12, 2015
Audrey Kamga1, Cécile Rochefort-Morel2, Yannick Le Guen3
1Inserm, Univ Brest, CHRU Brest, UMR 1304, GETBO, Brest, France.
Active smokers with asthma experience more severe symptoms and poorer treatment response, despite similar prevalence. Smoking complicates asthma management and hinders cessation efforts due to nicotine dependence.
Area of Science:
Background:
Conclusions: