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Related Concept Videos

iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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Intraspinal Cell Transplantation for Targeting Cervical Ventral Horn in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
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Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis.

Sebastian Bruera1, Harish Sidanmat2, Donald A Molony3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

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|July 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) shows promise for severe systemic sclerosis (SSc), improving survival and skin scores, but carries a higher risk of adverse events compared to cyclophosphamide. Further research is needed for specific HSCT types and comparisons to newer treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology and Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Stem Cell Transplantation

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a severe autoimmune disease with limited treatment options, characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular damage.
  • Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is being investigated as a potential therapy for severe, treatment-refractory SSc.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the benefits and harms of autologous HSCT compared to cyclophosphamide for treating systemic sclerosis.
  • To assess different HSCT conditioning regimens: non-selective myeloablative, selective myeloablative, and non-selective non-myeloablative.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing HSCT modalities with cyclophosphamide.
  • Data extraction and risk of bias assessment using Cochrane methods.
  • GRADE assessments to determine the certainty of evidence for efficacy and adverse events.

Main Results:

  • Non-myeloablative selective HSCT and myeloablative selective HSCT demonstrated moderate-certainty evidence for improved event-free survival and reduced skin thickness (mRSS) compared to cyclophosphamide.
  • Low-certainty evidence suggests these HSCT types may improve physical function (HAQ-DI).
  • Serious adverse events were more frequent with non-myeloablative selective HSCT (moderate-certainty evidence) and similar with myeloablative selective HSCT (moderate-certainty evidence) compared to cyclophosphamide.

Conclusions:

  • Selective non-myeloablative and myeloablative HSCT offer potential benefits in event-free survival and skin scores for SSc patients, but with increased risks of serious adverse events.
  • Evidence for non-myeloablative non-selective HSCT is limited due to high risk of bias and insufficient data.
  • Further research is required to compare HSCT with newer treatments and to understand its role in patients with comorbidities.