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Tracking and classifying Amazon fire events in near real time.
Niels Andela1,2, Douglas C Morton3, Wilfrid Schroeder4
1School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Science Advances
|July 29, 2022
Summary
Rapidly distinguishing Amazon fire types is crucial for conservation. A new near-real-time approach successfully tracked deforestation, forest, and savanna fires, improving situational awareness for better fire management and impact assessment.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Remote Sensing
- Ecology
Background:
- Amazon forest fires in 2019 raised significant conservation concerns.
- Lack of rapid fire-type differentiation hindered effective fire suppression and impact assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a near-real-time method for differentiating fire types (deforestation, forest, agricultural, savanna).
- To quantify the contribution of each fire type to burned area and carbon emissions in South America during the 2019 fire season.
Main Methods:
- Development of a near-real-time fire tracking approach.
- Application of the approach to analyze satellite fire detections across South America in 2019.
- Quantification of burned area and carbon emissions attributed to different fire types.
Main Results:
- Deforestation fires (19,700 events) constituted 39% of detections and 63% of carbon emissions (69 Tg C) in the southern Amazon.
- Multiday fires were responsible for 81% of burned area and 92% of Amazonian carbon emissions.
- The new method correctly identified 67% of deforestation fire detections within two days.
Conclusions:
- The developed approach enables rapid tracking of fire types, improving situational awareness.
- Differentiating fire types is essential for targeted fire suppression and accurate assessment of ecosystem and air quality impacts.
- Near-real-time fire monitoring can significantly enhance management outcomes during fire emergencies in the Amazon.
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