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Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

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Comprehensive Analysis of Electrostatic Gating in Nanofluidic Systems.

Nicola Di Trani¹, Nevio Racca², Danilo Demarchi²

¹Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|July 29, 2022

Summary

Electrostatic gating in nanofluidic systems is key for molecular transport. Leakage current significantly impacts molecular exclusion, and counterion competition complicates predictions, requiring advanced modeling for system development.

Keywords:

EDL dielectric leakage current electrostatic gating finite element modeling finite size molecules nanochannels nanofluidic

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Area of Science:

Nanofluidics
Surface Chemistry
Molecular Transport

Background:

Nanoscale molecular transport is governed by electrostatic and steric interactions.
Electric double layers (EDLs) form at charged surfaces, enabling tunable charge-selective nanochannels via electrostatic gating.
Existing literature lacks a comprehensive analysis of all parameters influencing nanofluidic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a comprehensive modeling and experimental investigation of parameters affecting charged analyte exclusion and enrichment in nanochannels.
To assess the influence of nanochannel size, electrolyte properties, surface chemistry, gate voltage, dielectric properties, and molecular characteristics.
To elucidate the role of leakage current and counterion competition in electrostatic gating phenomena.

Main Methods:

All-encompassing modeling investigation.
Corroboration with experimental analysis.
Independent consideration of all ionic species to analyze concentration distributions.

Main Results:

Leakage current plays a dominant, often overlooked, role in molecular exclusion during electrostatic gating.
Counterions compete for EDL formation, leading to complex concentration distributions not easily predicted by analytical models.
Demonstrated the interplay between various parameters influencing molecular transport and selectivity.

Conclusions:

A deeper understanding of nanofluidic phenomena is crucial for developing advanced miniaturized systems.
The findings provide critical insights into electrostatic gating mechanisms for applications in drug delivery and nanofluidic devices.
Highlights the need for sophisticated modeling approaches to accurately predict behavior in complex nanofluidic systems.