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Birth and death in terminal complement pathway.

Ashutosh Sharma1, Saumya Gupta1, Ajinkya Bharatraj Patil1

  • 1Computational Evolutionary Genomics Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, IISER Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Molecular Immunology
|July 31, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study reveals the birth of the C6 gene in early vertebrates and the loss of the C9 gene in galliform birds, impacting host-pathogen interactions. This research sheds light on the evolution of the membrane attack complex (MAC).

Keywords:
C9ChickenComplementGene lossTerminal complement pathwayVertebrates

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Immunology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The membrane attack complex (MAC) is crucial for pathogen elimination via the complement system.
  • Terminal complement pathway (TCP) genes encode MAC proteins, which are conserved in vertebrates but their early evolution is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary origins of vertebrate TCP genes.
  • To understand the loss of the C9 gene in galliform birds.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of TCP homologs.
  • Whole-genome sequencing (Chromium 10x linked-read) of chicken.
  • Analysis of publicly available genome and transcriptome data.

Main Results:

  • Vertebrate C6 gene likely arose from sequential protein domain gains.
  • Subsequent duplication and divergence of C6 generated C7, C8α, C8β, and C9.
  • The C9 gene is absent in galliform birds, with evidence of CR1 element insertions after gene loss.

Conclusions:

  • The evolution of TCP involved complex gene domain gains and duplications.
  • C9 loss in galliform birds, possibly due to CR1 insertions, may affect host-pathogen interactions.
  • This study provides insights into TCP evolution from early vertebrate C6 birth to galliform C9 loss.