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Evolution of Preterm Infant Nutrition from Breastfeeding to an Exclusive Human Milk Diet: A Review

Melinda J Elliott1, Sergio G Golombek2,3

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Pediatrix Medical Group of Maryland, Rockville, MD.

Neoreviews
|July 31, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Feeding very low birthweight preterm infants an exclusive human milk diet (EHMD) reduces complications and improves growth. These benefits may extend into adulthood, highlighting the importance of human milk-based nutrition.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal nutrition
  • Pediatric medicine
  • Human milk research

Background:

  • Human milk feeding is crucial for infant health.
  • Very low birthweight (VLBW) preterm infants face significant health risks.
  • Exclusive human milk diets (EHMD) are being explored for VLBW infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence supporting EHMD for VLBW preterm infants.
  • To discuss the potential long-term health benefits of EHMD.
  • To emphasize the need for high-quality human milk-based products.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human milk feeding in preterm infants.
  • Analysis of studies on the impact of EHMD on VLBW infant outcomes.
  • Examination of manufacturing standards for human milk-based fortifiers.

Main Results:

  • EHMD is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in VLBW infants.
  • EHMD promotes improved early growth and developmental metrics.
  • Preliminary data suggest lasting health benefits into adulthood.

Conclusions:

  • An EHMD is beneficial for VLBW preterm infants.
  • Early adoption of EHMD may confer lifelong health advantages.
  • Stringent manufacturing standards are essential for safe and effective human milk-based products.

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